Characterization of mannose-binding lectin plasma levels and genetic polymorphisms in HIV-1-infected individuals / Caracterização dos polimorfismos genéticos e dos níveis plasmáticos da lectina ligante de manose em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1

INTRODUCTION: The present study investigated the association between mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism and serum levels with infection by HIV-1. METHODS: Blood samples (5mL) were collected from 97 HIV-1-infected individuals resident in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil, who attended the Special Outpatient Unit for Infections and Parasitic Diseases (URE-DIPE). CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and plasma viral load were quantified. A 349bp fragment of exon 1 of the MBL was amplified via PCR, using genomic DNA extracted from controls and HIV-1-infected individuals, following established protocols. MBL plasma levels of the patients were quantified using an enzyme immunoassay kit. RESULTS: Two alleles were observed: MBL*O, with a frequency of 26.3 percent in HIV-1-infected individuals; and the wild allele MBL*A (73.7 percent). Similar frequencies were observed in the control group (p > 0.05). Genotype frequencies were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both groups. Mean MBL plasma levels varied by genotype, with statistically significant differences between the AA and AO (p < 0.0001), and AA and OO (p < 0.001) genotypes, but not AO and OO (p = 0.17). Additionally, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and plasma viral load levels did not differ significantly by genotype (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that MBL gene polymorphism or low plasma MBL concentrations might have a direct influence on HIV-1 infection, although a broader study involving a large number of patients is needed.

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre o polimorfismo no gene da lectina ligante de manose (MBL) e os níveis séricos da proteína com a infecção pelo HIV-1. MÉTODOS: As amostras de sangue (5mL) foram coletadas de 97 indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1 residentes em Belém, Estado do Pará, Brasil, que frequentavam a Unidade de Referência Especial para Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias Especiais (URE-DIPE). Os níveis de linfócitos T CD4+ e da carga viral plasmática foram quantificados. Um fragmento de 349pb do exon 1 da MBL foi amplificado via PCR, utilizando DNA genômico extraído das amostras controles e dos indivíduos portadores do HIV-1, seguindo protocolos previamente estabelecidos. O nível plasmático de MBL nos pacientes foi quantificado usando kit de ensaio imunoenzimático. RESULTADOS: Dois alelos foram observados - MBL*O, com uma frequência de 26,3 por cento em indivíduos infectados e o alelo selvagem MBL*A (73,7 por cento). Frequências similares foram observadas no grupo controle (p > 0,05). As frequências genotípicas estavam em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg em ambos os grupos. A média dos níveis plasmáticos MBL variou por genótipo, com diferenças significativas entre os genótipos AA e AO (p < 0,0001), e AA e OO (p < 0,001), mas não entre AO e OO (p=0,17). Além disso, os linfócitos T CD4+ e os níveis plasmáticos de carga viral não diferiram significativamente de acordo com o genótipo (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo não apoiam a hipótese de que o polimorfismo no gene MBL ou baixa concentração plasmática de MBL poderia ter uma influência direta sobre a infecção pelo HIV-1, embora um estudo com número maior de pacientes seja necessário.

Clinical and pathological importance of vacA allele heterogeneity and cagA status in peptic ulcer disease in patients from north Brazil

We have examined the prevalence of gene cagA and vacA alleles in 129 patients, 69 with gastritis and 60 with peptic ulcer diseases from North Brazil and their relation with histopathological data. vacA and cagA genotype were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for histological diagnosis. 96.6 percent of the patients were colonized by Helicobacter pylori strains harboring single vacA genotype (nont-mixed infection). Among them, 11.8 percent had subtype s1a, 67.8 percent had subtype s1b, and 17 percent subtype s2. In regard to the middle region analysis, m1 alleles were found in 75.4 percent and m2 in 21.2 percent of patients. The cagA gene was detected in 78 percent patients infected with H. pylori and was associated with the s1-m1 vacA genotype. The H. pylori strains, vacA s1b m1/cagA-positive, were associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer disease and higher amounts of lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrates and the presence of intestinal metaplasia. These findings show that cagA and vacA genotyping may have clinical relevance in Brazil.